Chapter 4 Formulas for Relieving Exterior Syndrome The formulas for relieving exterior syndrome refer to
those that are chiefly composed of traditional Chinese herbs having the therapeutic
effects of inducing diaphoresis, expelling pathogenic factors from the muscles and skin as
well as promoting eruption. They are preferred for the treatment of exterior syndrome.
Because the exterior syndrome involves the
difference between wind-cold type and wind-heat type, the formulas for relieving exterior
syndrome are subdivided into the pungent and warm formulas for relieving exterior
syndrome, pungent and cool formulas for relieving exterior syndrome, and tonic formulas
for relieving exterior syndrome.
Section 1 Pungent and
Warm Formulas for Relieving Exterior Syndrome
This group of formulas is chiefly made up of
traditional Chinese herbs pungent in flavor and warm in Property. Possessing the function
of dissipating wind-cold, they are usually indicated for the treatment of wind-cold
exterior syndrome.
Mahuang Tang( Ephedra Decoction )
Ingredients
Ephedra, Herba Ephedrae (with joints removed) 6g
Cinnamon twig,Ramulus Cinnamomi 4g
Bitter apricot kernel, Semen Armeniacae Amarum (with its skin removed) 9g
Prepared licorice root, Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata 3g
Administration
All the herbs should be decocted in water for oral dose. After administration, it is
necessary for the taker to stay in warm bed to induce slight perspiration.
Functions
Inducing sweat to relieve exterior syndrome, facilitating the flow of the lung-qi to
relieve asthma.
Indications
Exterior syndrome of excess type due to exogenous pathogenic wind-cold, manifested as
aversion to cold, fever without perspiration and headache, pantalgia, dyspnea, thin and
white coating of the tongue as well as superficial and tight pulse, etc.
In western medicine, this formula can be modified used in the following diseases, namely
cold, influenza and bronchitis, bronchial asthma and other diseases, which are manifested
as above-mentioned symptoms.
Modern Research
In clinical and experimental, it is ascertained that this formula can relieve of the
troubles by producing the effects of inducing sweat, removing fever, arresting cough,
relieving pain and promoting diuretic.
Cautions
l. Being warm and pungent, the formula is drastic in its effect of inducing sweat, so it
should not be administered for the cases manifested as spontaneous perspiration caused by
exterior syndrome of deficiency type, general debility with exogenous diseases, blood
deficiency after giving birth, etc.
2. As soon as sweat is induced out and the illness is cured, the administration should be
withdrawn immediately. Prolongation of intake is of no benefit.
Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction)
Ingredients
Cinnamon twig, Ramulus Cinnamomi 9g
Peony root, Radix Paeoniae 9g
Prepared licorice root, Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata 6g
Fresh ginger, Rhizoma Zingiberis 9g
Chinese dates, Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae 4pcs.
Administration
All the above herbs are decocted together in water for oral administration. After taking
the decoction, the patient is required to drink a small quantity of hot water or hot
porridge and then lie in warm bed to induce slight perspiration.
Functions
Expelling pathogenic factors from the muscles and skin and regulating ying and wei to
relieve exterior syndrome.
Indications
Exterior deficiency syndrome due to pathogenic wind and cold, manifested by fever,
headache, perspiration with aversion to wind, nasal catarrh, retching, thin and white
coating of the tongue, and floating and moderate pulse.
Equally, the formula can be modified to deal with
the common cold, influenza and others that are attributable to exterior syndrome of
deficiency type caused by pathogenic wind and cold, as well as urticaria, cutaneous
pruritus, eczema, neuralgia, myalgia, etc.
Modern Research
Modern researches have proved that the formula possesses the efficacies of inducing sweat,
reducing fever, removing phlegm, relieving convulsion and pain, promoting digestion and
absorption, nourishing the body and consolidating the constitution.
Cautions
l. The formula is not advisable for the exterior syndrome of excess type due to pathogenic
wind and cold.
2. Patients with exterior syndrome of wind-heat type marked by aversion to wind,
perspiration as well as thirst and rapid pulse are prohibited from taking the formula.
Jiuwei Qianghuo Tang (Notopterygium Decoction
of Nine Ingredients )
Ingredients
Notopterygium root, Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii 6g
Ledebouriella root, Radix Ledebouriellae 6g
Atractylodes rhizome, Rhizoma Atractylodis 6g
Asarum herb, Herba Asari 2g
Chuanxiong rhizome,Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 3g
Dahurian angelica root, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae 3g
Dried rehmannia root, Radix Rehmanniae 3g
Scutellaria root, Radix Scutellariae 3g
Licorice root, Radix Glycyrrhizae 3g
Administration
All the above herbs are to be decocted in water for oral use.
Functions
Relieving exterior syndrome, clearing interior heat and alleviating pain.
Indications
Syndrome due to the exogenous wind, cold and dampness on the body surface with interior
heat, manifested by chill and fever, absence of perspiration, headache with stiff neck,
aching pain of the extremities, bitter taste in the mouth with thirst, white and slippery
coating of the tongue, floating pulse, etc.
The formula can be modified to deal with influenza, lumbago, sciatica rheumatic arthritis
that are ascribable to the attack of exogenous wind-cold-dampness on the body surface with
interior heat.
Modern Researches
Modern researches have ascertained that this formula possesses the efficacies in inducing
diaphoresis, bringing down fever, relieving pain and cough, resisting bacteria and
viruses, subduing inflammation, etc.
Cautions
1.The formula is not advisable for cases ascribable to exterior syndrome caused by
exogenous wind-cold.
2.The formula should not be decocted long in case the effective componcnts are destroyed.
3.Patients with weakness of the vital energy and deficiency of yin are prohibited from
taking the formula.
Xiao
Qinglong Tang (Decoction of Green Dragon)
Ingredients
Ephedra, Herba Ephedrae (with joins removed) 9g
Peony root, Radix Paeoniae 9g
Asarum herb, Herba asari 3g
Dried ginger, Rhizoma Zingiberis 3g
Prepared licorice root, Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata 6g
Cinnamon twig, Ramulus Cinnamomi 6g
Pinellia tuber, Rhizoma Pinelliae 9g
Schisandra fruit, Fructus Schisandrae 3g
Administration
All the above ingredients are to be decocted in water for oral administration.
Functions
Relieving superficial syndrome by means of inducing diaphoresis, removing fluid-retention,
arresting cough and relieving asthma.
Indications
Exterior cold due to cxopathogen, and excessive fluid in the body, marked by chill and
fever, absence of perspiration, cough, asthma with watery and copious sputum, or thirst
with little predilection for drinks or retching, or dysphagia, or diarrhea, or dysuria,
and white and slippery coating of the tongue, and floating and tight pulse.
In addition, the formula can be
modified to deal with the above symptoms and signs as seen in the common cold, influenza,
asthmatic bronchitis, bronchial asthma at its stage of attack, etc.
Modern researches
Modern researches have ascertained that this formula possesses the effects of inducing
sweat, reducing fever, relieving dyspnea and cough, removing Phlegm, promoting diuresis,
relieving allergic reaction and promoting blood circulation.
Cautions
This formula should not be administered to patients with dry cough, dry mouth and throat
accompanied by thick yellow-colored sputum.
Section 2
Pungent and Cool Formulas for Relieving Exterior Syndrome
This group of formulas is chiefly
composed of herbs pungent in flavor and cool in property and possesses the therapeutic
effect of expelling pathogenic wind-heat. It is preferred for the treatment of exterior
syndrome due to exogenous wind-heat.
Yinqiao San (Powder of
Lonicera and Forsythis)
Ingredients
Forsythia fruit, Fructus Forsythiae 9g
Honeysuckle flower, Flos Lonicerae 9g
Peppermint, Herba Menthae 6g
Schizonepeta spike, Spica Schizonepetae 5g
Prepared soybean, Semen Sojae Praeparatum 5g
Arctium fruit, Fructus Arctii 9g
Platycodon root, Radix Platycodi 6g
Licorice root, Radix Glycyrrhizae 5g
Lophatherum, Herba Lophatheri 4g
Reed rhizome, Rhizoma Phragmitis in proper dosage
Administration
All the above herbs are to be decocted in water for oral administration.
Indications
Affection by exogenous wind-heat with superficial syndrome marked by fever with anhidrosis
or with disturbed hidrosis, mild chilly sensation, headache, thirst, cough, sore throat,
red tip of the tongue with thin white or yellowish coating on it, and floating and rapid
pulse. Besides, this formula can be modified to treat such conditions as infection of
upper respiratory tract, acute tonsillitis, encephalitis B, epidemic cerebrospinal
meningitis, parotitis and so on that pertain to exterior syndrome caused by exogenous
wind-heat.
Modern researches
Modern researches have ascertained that this formula possesses the efficacy of inducing
diaphoresis, bringing down fever, relieving pain and cough, resisting bacteria and
viruses, subduing inflammation, etc.
Cautions
1. The formula is not advisable for cases ascribable to exterior syndrome caused by
exogenous wind-cold.
2. The formula should not be decocted long in case the effective components are destroyed.
Sang Ju Yin ( Decoction of Mulberry Leaf and
Chrysanthemum )
Ingredients
Mulberry leaf, Folium Mori 7.5g
Chrysanthemum flower, flos Chrysanthemi 3g
Bitter apricot kernel, Semen Armeniacae Amarum 6g
Forsythia fruit, Fructus Forsythiae 5g
Peppermint, Herba Menthae 2.5g
Platycodon root, Radix Platycodi 6g
Licoricc root, Radix Glycyrrhizae 2.5g
Reed rhizome, Rhizoma Phragmitis 6g
Administrations
All the above ingredients are to be decocted in water for oral administration.
Functions
Relieving the exterior syndrome with herbs pungent in flavor and cool in property,
facilitating the flow of the lung-qi to relieve cough.
Indications
The onset of cough due to wind-heat, marked by cough, mild feverish body,slight thirst,
thin and white coating of the tongue and floating pulse.
The modification of the above formula can be adopted for the treatment of such diseases as
the common cold, influenza, acute bronchitis, bronchial pneumonia and acute tonsillitis
that indicate the exterior syndrome due to wind-heat.
Modern Researches
Clinically and experimentally, it is ascertained that the above formula has the functions
of relieving cough, removing phlegm, resisting bacteria, subduing inflammation as well as
inducing mild sweat and allaying fever.
Cautions
1. Those with cough due to exogenous wind-cold are prohibited from taking this
formula.
2. Since the herbs in the formula are of dispelling effect, they should not be decocted
for a long time.
Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang ( Decoction of
Ephedra, Apricot Kernel, Gypsum and Licorice)
Ingredients
Ephedra, Herba Ephedrae (with joints removed) 6g
Bitter apricot kernel, Semen Armeniacae Amarum (with its skin and tip removed) 9g
Prepared licorice root, Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata 6g
Gypsum, Gypsum fibrosum 30g
Administrations
All the above herbs are to be decocted in water together and then taken orally.
Functions
Expelling pathogenic heat with pungent and cool herbs, clearing away lung-heat to relieve
asthma.
Indications
Cough and dyspnea due to wind-heat manifested by persistent feverish body with or without
sweat, cough with dyspnea or even accompanied by nares flaring, thirst, thin white or thin
yellow coating of the tongue, slippery and rapid pulse, etc.
The formula can be modified for the treatment of acute bronchitis, bronchial pneumonia,
bronchial asthma in the stage of attack and other diseases associated with cough and
dyspnea caused by lung-heat.
Modern researches
Clinically and experimentally, it is ascertained that this formula has the efficacies of
subduing inflammation, removing phlegm, relieving cough and dyspnea, and resisting
viruses.
Cautions
This formula is only advisable for cases with dyspnea of excess type due to lung-heat, and
it is not suitable for those associated with dyspnea of excess type due to wind-cold as
well as those with dyspnea of deficient type.
Chai Ge Jieji Tang ( Bupleurum and
Pueraria Decoction for Dispelling Pathogens from superficialMuscles )
Ingredients
Bupleurum root, Radix Bupleuri 9g
Pueraria root, Radix Puerariae 9g
Scutellaria root, Radix Scutellariae 9g
Licorice root, Radix Glycyrrhizae 3g
Peony root, Radix Paeoniae 3g
Notopterygium root, Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii 3g
Dahurian angelica root, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae 3g
Platycodon root, Radix Platycodi 3g
Gypsum, Gypsum Fibrosum 9g
Fresh ginger, Rhizoma Zingiberis 3 slices
Chinese dates, Fructus Ziziphi jujubae 2 pcs.
Administrations
All the above herbs are to be decocted in water for oral administration.
Functions
Expelling pathogenic factors from the muscles and skin and reducing fever.
Indications
Affection due to exogenous pathogenic wind-cold with heat in the interior resulting from
stagnated pathogens manifested as slight aversion to cold, high fever, headache, soreness
and pain in the extremities, eye pain, dry nose, orbit pain, restlessness, insomnia, thin
and yellowish coating of the tongue, and superficial and slightly full pulse. Besides,
other cases ascribed to the above syndrome such as the common cold, influenza, bronchitis
and toothache can be deal with the modified formula.
Modern researches
Modern researches have proved that this formula possesses the efficacies in inducing
sweat, allaying fever, resisting bacteria and viruses, subduing inflammation, alleviating
pain, tranquilizing the mind and so on.
Cautions
1. The formula is contraindication in patients with symptoms of exterior wind-cold but
without interior heat.
2. The formula should not be administered for cases associated with yangming fu-organ
disease marked by abdominal pain and constipation.
Section 3 Formulas for
Strengthening the Body Resistance , and Relieving Exterior Syndrome
This group of formulas is mainly composed of
diaphoretics and tonifying herbs possessing the effect of strengthening the body
resistance and relieving exterior syndrome and indicated in the treatment of exterior
syndrome due to general debility and attack of exopathogens.
Baidu San ( Antiphlogistic Powder )
Ingredients
Bupleuruum root, Radix Bupleuri 30g
Root of purple-flowered Peucedanum, Radix Peucedani Peucedanum root 30g
Chuanxiong rhizome, Rhizoma Ligustici Chuangxiong 30g
Fruit of citron or trifoliate orange, Fructus Aurantii 30g
Notopterygium root, Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii 30g
Pubescent angelica root, Radix Angelicae Pubescentis 30g
Poria, Poria 30g
Platycodon root, Radix Platycodi (parched) 30g
Ginseng, ginseng 30g
Licorice root, Radix Glycyrrhizae 15g
Administrations
All the above herbs are to be ground into powder and administered 6g each time for one
dosage, to be decocted in water with a small amount of fresh ginger and peppermint for
oral dose.
Functions
Relieving the exterior syndrome by re-plenishing qi and dispelling pathogenic wind and
dampness.
Indications
Exopathic diseases caused by weakened body resistance and pathogenic wind-cold-dampness,
manifested as loathing of cold with high fever, headache and stiffness of the neck,
soreness of the extremities, absence of perspiration, stuffy nose with low speaking voice,
fullness and stuffiness in the chest, white and greasy coating of the tongue, floating and
soft pulse which turns faint on hard pressure, etc.
The modified formula can be adapted for the
treatment of the common cold, influenza, epidemic parotitis, bronchitis, chronic rheumatic
arthritis, urticaria, eczema and pyesis in its primary stage and other diseases that
belong to the type of deficiency of genuine energy and attack of exogenous
wind-cold-dampness on the body surface.
Modern Researches
Clinically and experimentally, it has been confirmed that the formula is effective for
inducing sweat, allaying fever, alleviating pain, reducing sputum, relieving cough,
promoting urination and blood circulation, subduing inflammation, resisting bacteria and
viruses and so on.
Cautions
On account of its being warm and dry in property, the formula is indicated for cases
affected by exogenous wind-cold-dampness complicated with general deficiency, but it is
not fit for those whose pathogens are dampness-heat.
Jiajian Weirui Tang ( Moditfied
Decoction of Fragrant Solomonseal Rhizome)
Ingredients
Fragrant solomonseal rhizome, Rhiconia Poygonati Odorati 6g
Chinese green onion, Bulbus Allii fistulosi 6g
Platycodon root, Radix Platycodi 5g
Swallowwort root, Radix Cynanchi Atrati 3g
Prepared soybean, Semen Sojae Praeparatum 9g
Peppermint, Herba Menthae 5g
Prepared licorice root, Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata 2g
Chinese dates, Fructus Zizifhi jujubae 2pcs.
Administrations
All the above herbs are to be decocted in water and the decoction is to be taken warm and
in separate portions.
Functions
Nourishing yin and clearing away heat, induing sweat to relieve exterior syndrome
Indications
Original yin-deficiency with re-affaciion due to exopathogen, manifested by headache,
fever, light aversion to wind-cold, dry throat with cough, sputum too. viscous to be
coughed out. absence of sweat or little sweat ,thirst and restlessness, reddened tongue
and rapid pulse.
Moreover, the formula can be modified to deal with the common cold, influenza. bronchitis
and others that indicate exopathic diseases due to yin deficiency with re-affection by
exopathogens after giving birth or bleeding.
Modern Researches
Modern studies have confirmed that this formula is qualified as tonics for consolidating
the constitution and curative one for inducing sweat, bringing down fever subduing
inflammation, relieving cough, expelling phlegm, etc.
Cautions
This formula is only advisable for exogenous diseases with yin deficiency, it is
contraindicated in cases without yin deficiency.
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